TextureManager.h

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/* Copyright (C) 2022 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_TEXTUREMANAGER
#define INCLUDED_TEXTUREMANAGER

#include "graphics/Texture.h"
#include "lib/file/vfs/vfs.h"
#include "lib/tex/tex.h"
#include "renderer/backend/IDevice.h"
#include "renderer/backend/IDeviceCommandContext.h"
#include "renderer/backend/ITexture.h"

#include <memory>

class CTextureProperties;
class CTextureManagerImpl;

/**
 * Texture manager with asynchronous loading and automatic DDS conversion/compression.
 *
 * Input textures can be any format. They will be converted to DDS using settings defined
 * in files named "texture.xml", in the same directory as the texture and in its parent
 * directories. See CTextureConverter for the XML syntax. The DDS file will be cached
 * for faster loading in the future.
 *
 * Typically the graphics code will initialise many textures at the start of the game,
 * mostly for off-screen objects, by calling CreateTexture().
 * Loading texture data may be very slow (especially if it needs to be converted
 * to DDS), and we don't want the game to become unresponsive.
 * CreateTexture therefore returns an object immediately, without loading the
 * texture. If the object is never used then the data will never be loaded.
 *
 * Typically, the renderer will call CTexture::Bind() when it wants to use the
 * texture. This will trigger the loading of the texture data. If it can be loaded
 * quickly (i.e. there is already a cached DDS version), then it will be loaded before
 * the function returns, and the texture can be rendered as normal.
 *
 * If loading will take a long time, then Bind() binds a default placeholder texture
 * and starts loading the texture in the background. It will use the correct texture
 * when the renderer next calls Bind() after the load has finished.
 *
 * It is also possible to prefetch textures which are not being rendered yet, but
 * are expected to be rendered soon (e.g. for off-screen terrain tiles).
 * These will be loaded in the background, when there are no higher-priority textures
 * to load.
 *
 * The same texture file can be safely loaded multiple times with different backend parameters
 * (but this should be avoided whenever possible, as it wastes VRAM).
 *
 * For release packages, DDS files can be precached by appending ".dds" to their name,
 * which will be used instead of doing runtime conversion. This means most players should
 * never experience the slow asynchronous conversion behaviour.
 * These cache files will typically be packed into an archive for faster loading;
 * if no archive cache is available then the source file will be converted and stored
 * as a loose cache file on the user's disk.
 */
class CTextureManager
{
    NONCOPYABLE(CTextureManager);

public:
    /**
     * Construct texture manager. vfs must be the VFS instance used for all textures
     * loaded from this object.
     * highQuality is slower and intended for batch-conversion modes.
     */
    CTextureManager(PIVFS vfs, bool highQuality, Renderer::Backend::IDevice* device);

    ~CTextureManager();

    /**
     * Create a texture with the given properties.
     * The texture data will not be loaded immediately.
     */
    CTexturePtr CreateTexture(const CTextureProperties& props);

    /**
     * Wraps a backend texture.
     */
    CTexturePtr WrapBackendTexture(
        std::unique_ptr<Renderer::Backend::ITexture> backendTexture);

    /**
     * Returns a magenta texture. Use this for highlighting errors
     * (e.g. missing terrain textures).
     */
    const CTexturePtr& GetErrorTexture();

    /**
     * Returns a single color RGBA texture with CColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f).
     */
    const CTexturePtr& GetWhiteTexture();

    /**
     * Returns a single color RGBA texture with CColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f).
     */
    const CTexturePtr& GetTransparentTexture();

    /**
     * Returns a white RGBA texture with alpha gradient.
     */
    const CTexturePtr& GetAlphaGradientTexture();

    /**
     * Returns a single color RGBA texture cube with CColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f).
     */
    const CTexturePtr& GetBlackTextureCube();

    /**
     * Work on asynchronous texture loading operations, if any.
     * Returns true if it did any work.
     * The caller should typically loop this per frame until it returns
     * false or exceeds the allocated time for this frame.
     */
    bool MakeProgress();

    /**
     * Work on asynchronous texture uploading operations, if any.
     * Returns true if it did any work. Mostly the same as MakeProgress.
     */
    bool MakeUploadProgress(Renderer::Backend::IDeviceCommandContext* deviceCommandContext);

    /**
     * Synchronously converts and compresses and saves the texture,
     * and returns the output path (minus a "cache/" prefix). This
     * is intended for pre-caching textures in release archives.
     * @return true on success
     */
    bool GenerateCachedTexture(const VfsPath& path, VfsPath& outputPath);

    /**
     * Returns true if the given texture exists.
     * This tests both for the original and converted filename.
     */
    bool TextureExists(const VfsPath& path) const;

    /**
     * Returns total number of bytes uploaded for all current texture.
     */
    size_t GetBytesUploaded() const;

    /**
     * Should be called on any quality or anisotropic change.
     */
    void OnQualityChanged();

private:
    CTextureManagerImpl* m;
};

/**
 * Represents the filename and GL parameters of a texture,
 * for passing to CTextureManager::CreateTexture.
 */
class CTextureProperties
{
    friend class CTextureManagerImpl;
    friend struct TextureCacheCmp;
    friend struct TPequal_to;
    friend struct TPhash;

public:
    /**
     * Use the given texture name, and default GL parameters.
     */
    explicit CTextureProperties(const VfsPath& path)
        : m_Path(path)
    {
    }

    CTextureProperties(
        const VfsPath& path, const Renderer::Backend::Format formatOverride)
        : m_Path(path), m_FormatOverride(formatOverride)
    {
    }

    /**
     * Set sampler address mode.
     */
    void SetAddressMode(const Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode addressMode)
    {
        m_AddressModeU = m_AddressModeV = addressMode;
    }

    /**
     * Set sampler address mode separately for different coordinates.
     */
    void SetAddressMode(
        const Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode addressModeU,
        const Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode addressModeV)
    {
        m_AddressModeU = addressModeU;
        m_AddressModeV = addressModeV;
    }

    /**
     * The value of max anisotropy is set by options. Though it might make sense
     * to add an override.
     */
    void SetAnisotropicFilter(const bool enabled) { m_AnisotropicFilterEnabled = enabled; }

    // TODO: rather than this static definition of texture properties
    // (especially anisotropy), maybe we want something that can be more
    // easily tweaked in an Options menu? e.g. the caller just specifies
    // "terrain texture mode" and we combine it with the user's options.
    // That'd let us dynamically change texture properties easily.
    //
    // enum EQualityMode
    // {
    //   NONE,
    //   TERRAIN,
    //   MODEL,
    //   GUI
    // }
    // void SetQuality(EQualityMode mode, float anisotropy, float lodbias, int reducemipmaps, ...);
    //
    // or something a bit like that.

    void SetIgnoreQuality(bool ignore) { m_IgnoreQuality = ignore; }

private:
    // Must update TPhash, TPequal_to when changing these fields
    VfsPath m_Path;

    Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode m_AddressModeU =
        Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode::REPEAT;
    Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode m_AddressModeV =
        Renderer::Backend::Sampler::AddressMode::REPEAT;
    bool m_AnisotropicFilterEnabled = false;
    Renderer::Backend::Format m_FormatOverride =
        Renderer::Backend::Format::UNDEFINED;
    bool m_IgnoreQuality = false;
};

/**
 * Represents a texture object.
 * The texture data may or may not have been loaded yet.
 * Before it has been loaded, all operations will act on a default
 * 1x1-pixel grey texture instead.
 */
class CTexture
{
    NONCOPYABLE(CTexture);
public:
    ~CTexture();

    /**
     * Returns the width (in pixels) of the current texture.
     */
    size_t GetWidth() const;

    /**
     * Returns the height (in pixels) of the current texture.
     */
    size_t GetHeight() const;

    /**
     * Returns whether the current texture has an alpha channel.
     */
    bool HasAlpha() const;

    /**
     * Returns the ARGB value of the lowest mipmap level (i.e. the
     * average of the whole texture).
     * Returns 0 if the texture has no mipmaps.
     */
    u32 GetBaseColor() const;

    /**
     * Returns total number of bytes uploaded for this texture.
     */
    size_t GetUploadedSize() const;

    /**
     * Uploads a texture data to a backend texture if successfully loaded.
     * If the texture data hasn't been loaded yet, this may wait a short while to
     * load it. If loading takes too long then it will return sooner and the data will
     * be loaded in a background thread, so this does not guarantee the texture really
     * will be uploaded.
     */
    void UploadBackendTextureIfNeeded(
        Renderer::Backend::IDeviceCommandContext* deviceCommandContext);

    /**
     * Returns a backend texture if successfully uploaded, else fallback.
     */
    Renderer::Backend::ITexture* GetBackendTexture();
    const Renderer::Backend::ITexture* GetBackendTexture() const;

    /**
     * Attempt to load the texture data quickly, as with
     * GetUploadedBackendTextureIfNeeded(). Returns whether the texture data is
     * currently loaded (but not uploaded).
     */
    bool TryLoad();

    /**
     * Returns whether the texture data is currently loaded.
     */
    bool IsLoaded() const { return m_State == LOADED; }

    /**
     * Returns whether the texture data is currently uploaded.
     */
    bool IsUploaded() const { return m_State == UPLOADED; }

    /**
     * Activate the prefetching optimisation for this texture.
     * Use this if it is likely the texture will be needed in the near future.
     * It will be loaded in the background so that it is likely to be ready when
     * it is used by Bind().
     */
    void Prefetch();

private:
    friend class CTextureManagerImpl;
    friend class CPredefinedTexture;
    friend struct TextureCacheCmp;
    friend struct TPequal_to;
    friend struct TPhash;

    // Only the texture manager can create these
    explicit CTexture(
        std::unique_ptr<Renderer::Backend::ITexture> texture,
        Renderer::Backend::ITexture* fallback,
        const CTextureProperties& props, CTextureManagerImpl* textureManager);

    void ResetBackendTexture(
        std::unique_ptr<Renderer::Backend::ITexture> backendTexture,
        Renderer::Backend::ITexture* fallbackBackendTexture);

    const CTextureProperties m_Properties;

    std::unique_ptr<Renderer::Backend::ITexture> m_BackendTexture;
    // It's possible to m_FallbackBackendTexture references m_BackendTexture.
    Renderer::Backend::ITexture* m_FallbackBackendTexture = nullptr;
    u32 m_BaseColor;
    std::unique_ptr<Tex> m_TextureData;
    size_t m_UploadedSize = 0;
    uint32_t m_BaseLevelOffset = 0;

    enum
    {
        UNLOADED, // loading has not started
        PREFETCH_NEEDS_LOADING, // was prefetched; currently waiting to try loading from cache
        PREFETCH_NEEDS_CONVERTING, // was prefetched; currently waiting to be sent to the texture converter
        PREFETCH_IS_CONVERTING, // was prefetched; currently being processed by the texture converter
        HIGH_NEEDS_CONVERTING, // high-priority; currently waiting to be sent to the texture converter
        HIGH_IS_CONVERTING, // high-priority; currently being processed by the texture converter
        LOADED, // loading texture data has completed (successfully or not)
        UPLOADED // uploading to backend has completed (successfully or not)
    } m_State;

    CTextureManagerImpl* m_TextureManager;

    // Self-reference to let us recover the CTexturePtr for this object.
    // (weak pointer to avoid cycles)
    std::weak_ptr<CTexture> m_Self;
};

#endif // INCLUDED_TEXTUREMANAGER