TurnManager.h

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/* Copyright (C) 2021 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_TURNMANAGER
#define INCLUDED_TURNMANAGER

#include "ps/CStr.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/SimulationCommand.h"

#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <deque>

class CSimulationMessage;
class CSimulation2;
class IReplayLogger;

/**
 * This file defines the base class of the turn managers for clients, local games and replays.
 * The basic idea of our turn managing system across a network is as in this article:
 * http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3094/1500_archers_on_a_288_network_.php?print=1
 *
 * Each player performs the simulation for turn N.
 * User input is translated into commands scheduled for execution in turn N+2 which are
 * distributed to all other clients.
 * After a while, a client wants to perform the simulation for turn N+1,
 * which first requires that it has all the other clients' commands for turn N+1.
 * In that case, it does the simulation and tells all the other clients (via the server)
 * it has finished sending commands for turn N+2, and it starts sending commands for turn N+3.
 *
 * Commands are redistributed immediately by the server.
 * To ensure a consistent execution of commands, they are each associated with a
 * client session ID (which is globally unique and consistent), which is used to sort them.
 */

/**
 * Default turn length in SP & MP.
 * This value should be as low as possible, while not introducing un-necessary lag.
 */
inline constexpr u32 DEFAULT_TURN_LENGTH = 200;

/**
 * In single-player, commands are directly scheduled for the next turn.
 */
inline constexpr u32 COMMAND_DELAY_SP = 1;

/**
 * In multi-player, clients can only compute turn N if all clients have finished sending commands for it,
 * i.e. N < CurrentTurn + COMMAND_DELAY for all clients.
 * Commands are sent from client to server to client, and both client and network can lag.
 * If a client reaches turn CURRENT_TURN + COMMAND_DELAY - 1, it'll freeze while waiting for commands.
 * To avoid that, we increase the command-delay to make sure that in general players will have received all commands
 * by the time they reach a given turn. Keep in mind the minimum delay is one turn.
 * This value should be as low as possible while avoiding 'freezing' in general usage.
 * TODO:
 *  - this command-delay could vary based on server-client pings
 *  - it ought be possible to send commands in a P2P fashion (with server verification), which would lower the ping.
 */
inline constexpr u32 COMMAND_DELAY_MP = 4;

/**
 * Common turn system (used by clients and offline games).
 */
class CTurnManager
{
    NONCOPYABLE(CTurnManager);
public:
    /**
     * Construct for a given network session ID.
     */
    CTurnManager(CSimulation2& simulation, u32 defaultTurnLength, u32 commandDelay, int clientId, IReplayLogger& replay);

    virtual ~CTurnManager() { }

    void ResetState(u32 newCurrentTurn, u32 newReadyTurn);

    /**
     * Set the current user's player ID, which will be added into command messages.
     */
    void SetPlayerID(int playerId);

    /**
     * Advance the simulation by a certain time. If this brings us past the current
     * turn length, the next turns are processed and the function returns true.
     * Otherwise, nothing happens and it returns false.
     *
     * @param simFrameLength Length of the previous frame, in simulation seconds
     * @param maxTurns Maximum number of turns to simulate at once
     */
    bool Update(float simFrameLength, size_t maxTurns);

    /**
     * Advance the simulation by as much as possible. Intended for catching up
     * over a small number of turns when rejoining a multiplayer match.
     * Returns true if it advanced by at least one turn.
     */
    bool UpdateFastForward();

    /**
     * Advance the graphics by a certain time.
     * @param simFrameLength Length of the previous frame, in simulation seconds
     * @param realFrameLength Length of the previous frame, in real time seconds
     */
    void Interpolate(float simFrameLength, float realFrameLength);

    /**
     * Called by networking code when a simulation message is received.
     */
    virtual void OnSimulationMessage(CSimulationMessage* msg) = 0;

    /**
     * Called by simulation code, to add a new command to be distributed to all clients and executed soon.
     */
    virtual void PostCommand(JS::HandleValue data) = 0;

    /**
     * Called when all commands for a given turn have been received.
     * This allows Update to progress to that turn.
     */
    void FinishedAllCommands(u32 turn, u32 turnLength);

    /**
     * Enables the recording of state snapshots every @p numTurns,
     * which can be jumped back to via RewindTimeWarp().
     * If @p numTurns is 0 then recording is disabled.
     */
    void EnableTimeWarpRecording(size_t numTurns);

    /**
     * Jumps back to the latest recorded state snapshot (if any).
     */
    void RewindTimeWarp();

    void QuickSave(JS::HandleValue GUIMetadata);
    void QuickLoad();

    u32 GetCurrentTurn() const { return m_CurrentTurn; }

    /**
     * @return how many turns are ready to be computed.
     * (used to detect players/observers that fall behind the live game.
     */
    u32 GetPendingTurns() const { return m_ReadyTurn - m_CurrentTurn; }

protected:
    /**
     * Store a command to be executed at a given turn.
     */
    void AddCommand(int client, int player, JS::HandleValue data, u32 turn);

    /**
     * Called when this client has finished sending all its commands scheduled for the given turn.
     */
    virtual void NotifyFinishedOwnCommands(u32 turn) = 0;

    /**
     * Called when this client has finished a simulation update.
     */
    virtual void NotifyFinishedUpdate(u32 turn) = 0;

    /**
     * Returns whether we should compute a complete state hash for the given turn,
     * instead of a quick less-complete hash.
     */
    bool TurnNeedsFullHash(u32 turn) const;

    CSimulation2& m_Simulation2;

    /// The turn that we have most recently executed
    u32 m_CurrentTurn;

    // Current command delay (commands are scheduled for m_CurrentTurn + m_CommandDelay)
    u32 m_CommandDelay;

    /// The latest turn for which we have received all commands from all clients
    u32 m_ReadyTurn;

    // Current turn length
    u32 m_TurnLength;

    /// Commands queued at each turn (index 0 is for m_CurrentTurn+1)
    std::deque<std::map<u32, std::vector<SimulationCommand>>> m_QueuedCommands;

    int m_PlayerId;
    uint m_ClientId;

    /// Simulation time remaining until we ought to execute the next turn (as a negative value to
    /// add elapsed time increments to until we reach 0).
    float m_DeltaSimTime;

    IReplayLogger& m_Replay;

    // The number of the last turn that is allowed to be executed (used for replays)
    u32 m_FinalTurn;

private:
    static const CStr EventNameSavegameLoaded;

    size_t m_TimeWarpNumTurns; // 0 if disabled
    std::list<std::string> m_TimeWarpStates;
    std::string m_QuickSaveState; // TODO: should implement a proper disk-based quicksave system
    JS::PersistentRootedValue m_QuickSaveMetadata;
};

#endif // INCLUDED_TURNMANAGER